Choosing Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Paper Is Simple

Choosing Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Paper Is Simple The Basics of Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Paper The account is the principal pillar which holds all the records linked to the financial activities of the business. For some students, a collection of topic is the easiest part. If your deadline is a couple hours, then be sure you will receive your research topics earlier or within the time limit. Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Paper Can Be Fun for Everyone If you are going to compose a dissertation about special education then it's possible to discuss many aspects below the identical subject. Why research is just one of the important aspects in criminology to get the loopholes that may restrict criminals from cyber crimes. If you're going to be writing extensively about a particular topic it doesn't only need to fulfill the needs of the academia but it also needs to expand your professional horizons. Without a suitable content, fantastic research paper topics won't make sense. Nowadays you've got a writing thesis! Basically, thesis statant is the very first thing your tutor is likely to check. So allow it to be sure that you choose a topic and begin writing your Thesis Introduction in time. If you would like more sample thesis topics or any kind of assistance with your thesis writing procedure, we can supply you expert assistance. Brainstorming is among the best things a student can do in order to choose the excellent idea and develop a corresponding statement. Thesis Writing Experts in criminology are helping avoid the crimes which are happening on every other moment. The subject of your assignment decides much about your general research and project so you must be quite careful when choosing one. Education research paper topics provide education majors an option of samples about how to compose projects which range from Adult Learning Theories to Early Education Literacy. Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Pap er - Is it a Scam? The broadest idea can be found on top, and as you keep on writing, you become more concentrated on the major point, eventually coming to specific proof to back up your claim. While looking for a topic, don't forget your thesis should attempt to tackle a true issue and ought to contain solid theoretical work, together with empirical outcomes. The topic you select should be correctly expressed, as a means of making certain that the meaning and aim of your research remains intact. The explanation of results is thought of as the hardest part, however, it is likewise the most intriguing part because the goal of the whole paper is to finally locate the reasons, explanations, causes etc. of investigating an intriguing research paper topic. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Paper It may be less difficult to decide on a topic if it relates to the way that you see music the most. If you're on the lookout for help in writing your re search paper, you've arrive at the ideal site. Stick to the links if you're interested in a history essay or private essay writing help available at ProfEssays.com. Order top-notch essay at this time and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at fair price. Writing a complete text is a time-consuming procedure, but it's much easier to concentrate on the effective argument. Writing a college argumentative research paper isn't as simple as it might seem at first. Actually, there are 2 big varieties of thesis statements. The references page should be suitably executed, because it is imperative not to omit any of the sources employed for writing a research paper. The Do's and Don'ts of Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Paper In reality, Master's projects are primarily meant for addressing real-world issues through the use of the information obtained in the coursework along with from different publications and educational sources. Our returning customers are the best proof of the caliber and excellence of our expert services. There are several people who create a research topic, simply to realize it isn't compatible with the research project they wish to undertake. If you're confused with a selection of interesting topics to research online, it's far better to determine what interests you the most. Possible Research Topics for a Thesis Paper - the Story In any instance, you can start with asking yourself whether you've attended any lecture where you were particularly interested in a particular subject and go from that point. Much like any research paper essay, the most essential thing is to construct your topic and paper with the robust evidence. There are several ways how actually it's possible to begin your paper. You will need to compose a fantastic research paper, and the topic you've chosen needs to be fully developed. Since you can see there are a lot of topics that may be related to sports research papers, which means you can select the direction and make your own paper on a narrowed topic. It's possible to find more information about students' term papers here. If a student would like to learn to compose a thesis for a research paper, it's important to get an overall picture of the whole process. It is possible to email or call our research topic assistants right now if you aren't confident with your favorite research topic or whether you need assistance with different research topic ideas. Other folks need a small aid to create the latest topic ideas. If you're interested in your topic, learning about it is going to be more pleasurable and you'll write with increased passion, so select your topic thoughtfully. Make sure the language you are using in your research topic is very easy, professional and clear. Writing a research paper without an outline is similar to driving a car without knowing where you're going you don't know where you will receive the next moment. Whenever you own a few ideas it then takes focused work to look at their viability and to refine them in a potential research undertaking. The capability to produce a nice and correct research topic takes quite a bit of skills and expertise, something which may require the help of a specialist. Creating a master's project title is an ambitious task as it demands a lot of independent and critical thinking so you can study some research gaps your academic field of specialization can address.

British Petroleums Corporate Philosophy and the Oil Spill...

In terms ofä ¾ Ã¦  ® MNE corporate philosophyä ¼ Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã§ â€ Ã¥ ¿ µ and stakeholder strategy BP has been â€Å"ranked asè ¢ «Ã¨ ® ¤Ã¤ ¸ º one of the more environmentally responsiveçŽ ¯Ã¤ ¿ Ã¥â€œ Ã¥ ºâ€ and socially awareç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¦â€ž Ã¨ ¯â€  companies† Rugman and Collingson (2006, 4th Ed, p635). Explore this ranking in the light ofæ   ¹Ã¦  ®Ã¯ ¼Å'é‰ ´Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¾ Ã¦  ® recent events in the Gulf of Mexico. 1. Explain MNE corporate philosophy. How BP work in MNE 2. Explain what is stakeholder strategy, what it is, what is BP’s stakeholder strategy, how it gonna work in the Gulf of Mexico. 3. According to BP’s environmentally responsive and socially aware, BP how to respond the events in Gulf of Mexico. -Backgroud (what s the problem, why do I care ?) -in order to answer the questions this paper will present...firstly,....the†¦show more content†¦One characteristic of MNEs is that their affiliates must be responsive to a number of important environmental forces, such as competitors, customers, suppliers, financial institutions, and government. In some case different force are work in home country and host country. For example, BP’ staple market is Europe, according to the characteristic of modern oil industry development, most country’s energy sources were controlled by MNE. The multinational corporation, such as BP , could get all industry chain’s profit. But in China, BP only invested in petroleum’s downstream field and the derivatives in derivatives. Base on the policy of China government, it is not allowed MNE to mining for oil in China. Even though Bp entered China in the 70s but the major core business is natural gas manufacturing, generate electricity to petrochemical complex and oils sa les in China. The main reason for BP could not mining oil in China is MNE must cooperate with China oil industry and holding by the Chinese side. Actually, BP did not agree with the control power but BP entered China as joint venture enterprise with Sinopec and CNPC (China National Petroleum Cooporation) to solve the difficult position. A second characteristic of an MNE is that it draws on a common pool of resources, including assets, patents, trademarks, information, and human resources. That means all affiliates belong to same company, theyShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Philosophy Of The United States1432 Words   |  6 Pagesis socially accountable for humanity. When the ethical philosophy a company follows is for universal individual rights regardless of the outcome, it is moral idealism. In contrast, when only considering the greater good for the greatest number and appraising cost and the benefit of the choice it is utilitarianism. â€Å"If the benefits exceed the costs, then the behavior is ethical, if not, then the behavior is considered unethical. This philosophy underlies the economic tenets of capitalism and is embraced

The Most Incredibly Overlooked Solution for Revising and Editing Your Essay Essential College Writing Skills

<h1> The Most Incredibly Overlooked Solution for Revising and Editing Your Essay Essential College Writing Skills </h1> <p>No matter the explanation, on the off chance that you can't form a task, you must find an exit from your frenzy. At that point give it a go, when you haven't as of now! It's wonderful how something that sounded splendid the second you composed it can wind up being not exactly splendid once you offer it a chance to brood. Outside assistance is every now and again the activity. </p> <p>Late schoolwork isn't worthy! Update doesn't simply need to comprise of sitting perusing over your course readings or notes. </p> <p>To do as such, you should focus on your sources in advance. 1 approach to look at the structure of your paper is to gain a converse diagram of the paper after you've composed the absolute first draft. Ask yourself what you truly think about the paper. Consider the sort of paper you're anticipated to compose. </p> <h2> Lies You've Been Told About Revising and Editing Your Essay Essential College Writing Skills </h2> <p>It assists with keeping the peruser educated in regards to the development of the contention. Composed language aptitudes are a basic piece of numerous situations in practically every business. </p> <h2> How to Get Started with Revising and Editing Your Essay Essential College Writing Skills?</h2> <p>Otherwise you'll have a perfect opening couple of sections and conceivably the rest of the exposition in chaos. Depict some condition and clarify the manner in which your life mentality has modified. Paper, or a fast story you continue through a progression of steps that includes. Also, center around the changes between sections. </p> <p>If you do that, don't disregard to rehash the article to ensure that the wording works with this new request, else you may end up with a sentence driving into the mistaken passage. A section is a gathering of sentences related with parts of precisely the same point. Each section ought to contain applicable data with respect to the theme. Assuming this is the case, at that point change the full passage. </p> <h2>Finding the Best Revising and Editing Your Essay Essential College Writing Skills </h2> <p>Though numerous people utilize the terms conversely, altering and editing are two periods of the update approach. Composing and altering is a somewhat broad classification. Brilliant altering despite everything takes an individual. Our school paper altering administration was made to help undergrads all things considered and in all orders to put on admission to the courses they ought to achieve their vocation targets. </p> <p>There are loads of remarks and altering chances to take a gander at. The genuine objective of editing a paper is to ensure there are no spelling or sentence structure mistakes remaining. The mystery of this strategy is that you don't focus on the slip-ups, yet may focus more on the jargon and composing procedures. In the event that you have time, endeavor to leave a brief period between completing your article and beginning the altering approach. </p> <h2>The Fight Against Revising and Editing Your Essay Essential College Writing Skills </h2> <p>After understudies have given an absolute response to the article, they should utilize the highlighters to call attention to explicit areas of the paper that need work. Different understudies compose the presentation after they've composed the most significant body of the paper do whatever feels directly for you just as the bit of work you're writing.</p> <p>It's a task since you will most likely skirt issue regions which are promptly obvious to a specialist school paper editorial manager. On the off chance that you are mentioned to build up a diagnostic writing, make certain your theme is genuinely explicit. Here we'll give a few hints about how to alter a paper or an exposition. When you know the exposition point and the additional data you need to incorporate to fortify your composition, you need to get an article program. </p> <p>The essential point of composing an exposition is to manage the subject or answer questions. You ought to apply eccentric composing procedures and show to the perusers you have an unstandard way to deal with the subject of your paper. Change the article as indicated by that reexamined arrangement and oppose the tendency to freeze in the inside, destroy this and start once more. You might be composing a paper to contend for a particular perspective or to disclose the means fundamental to complete an assignment. </p> <p>To set it forth plainly, it depicts the act of revising grammatical errors or mistakenly put commas. On the off chance that you understand that you are composing long sentences, endeavor to discover techniques by which you may revamp them to communicate what you're endeavoring to state all the more briefly. For example, you may have intended to create the term from, however inadvertently mistyped it as structure that is as yet a word, or so the spel lchecker won't register it. Begin searching for places where you've utilized exactly the same word or expression twice or more in back to back sentences and quest for elective techniques to state precisely the same thing OR for strategies to consolidate the 2 sentences. </p>

Systems Little To Waste Control Measures â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Systems Offering Little To Waste Control Measures? Answer: Introduction The construction scene has been evolving fairly over the years and more methods and materials of use in construction are rapidly coming up. While the business and construction models remain similar, the construction techniques vary significantly necessitating a lot of research and experimentation. Among the systems engineering project cases in civil engineering is the use of precast and in situ concrete together to attain a variety of industry requirements. While the material may be identical, if not fairly similar, the methods of construction vary significantly and therefore a systems engineering conceptual design is necessary to determine how to go about the construction. Needs Definition Wastes in the construction industry account for around 6% - 9% of total project costs which is a very significant percentage considering the worth of some projects. As construction still remains one of the most profitable industries, most attempts to reduce wastes in the site remain uneconomic leading construction going on without proper preventive mechanisms. These leads to both parties incurring huge costs as the wastes have to be accounted for. In most cases, construction projects utilizing concrete as the main material end up having to include a wastage factor of about 5% - 10% of the total project costs. The construction industry has also been dogged by a lot of environmental problems and one of the biggest reasons in the waste material disposed every day. A lot of waste material in the form of used formwork, excess concrete and steel is usually a result of human and environmental factors that prohibit environmentally friendliness. While disposal mechanisms also help reduce the environmental impact of this waste, it is largely up to engineers and contractors to find the right quantity margins what would yield least impact. It is therefore necessary to provide for alternatives which not only reduce the amount of wastages but improve the quality of work too. Precast concrete systems are therefore noteworthy as they successfully address the issue of waste reduction and therefore increase the economies of scare of the overall construction project and provide a green environment. Precast concrete systems can be fully modular or can include in situ concrete at various stages. Examples of fully concrete systems include but are not limited to bridges and harbor structural members e.g. breakwaters, piers and quays. These are able to incorporate precast concrete in every step which includes the foundation, beams, columns and slabs. Other constructions incorporating precast elements in part may do so for specific beam, column and slab components for a variety of reasons including but not limited to, easy demolition, good insulation, cost reduction, high strength of element requirements and personal individual preferences like where hollow slabs are used to reduce noise. This method of construction also easily fits into the construction industry project integration models. This is because the business and legal framework of this type of construction is similar to that or normal concrete structures with the only difference being material acquisition and technical expertise required. Both the Design Build model (DB) and Design Bid Build (DBB) model can apply as it is basically up to the clients preference. There are also specific contractors who deal primarily with precast constructions making it relatively easy to use the Performance Contracting and Construction Management models which are most popular with this type of construction. Owing to their significantly different construction approach, the entire system of precast concrete utilization has more operational requirements that the traditional on site construction. The requirements stem from member design and manufacture to the construction process. By design, they are relatively different compared to bricks and other concrete members which necessitates a more technical manufacturing approach. They also require a lot of research and testing in order for a manufacturer to come up with a precast member that satisfies the economic, safe, environmentally friendly and structural soundness requirements. Precast concrete systems also require a higher level of expertise on site as the assembly is relatively different from most other regular brick and mortar, and on site concreting methods. While they only require an individual to place the structural member in the right positions, the connections between members are more complicated than traditional approaches. It also requires inter-sectorial approaches as technical assistance is needed from other disciplines including ICT, mechanical and manufacturing engineering, electrical engineering, finance and marketing. This construction system however requires far less maintenance than the traditional systems. In addition to this, where maintenance is necessary, the cost is also much lower. This is because it is relatively easier to take apart the precast members individually or in a system and owing to the production and on site assembly costs, member replacement is fairly less costlier. This however applies to members off ground as foundation and slab members are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to remove. The technical performance measures (TPMs) which are used to measure the effectiveness of this construction engineering system cover the processes of elemental design and manufacture, industrial assembly and onsite construction. Table 1 below illustrates these measures giving their relative priority levels. While the scores shown below are mostly theoretical, they can be verified owing to the amount of documentation present online resulting from tests, simulations and testimonials. The scores indicated below are however meant to be suggestive rather than conclusive as this report is purely theoretical. Table 1: TPM Quantitative Values No. Technical Performance Measure Quantitative Value Relative Priority Value 1. Element/Member weight 40% - 60% of similar elements constructed in situ. 6% 2. Waste reducing factor 30% - 50% of wastes reduced 13% 3. Maintainability Relatively easy 8% 4. Total operating costs 30% - 70% of similar units constructed in situ. 8% 5. Installation time 5-21 days for residential unit, 2-4 months for medium rise units. 11% 6. Environmental friendliness Very friendly 12% 7. Modification Possible for both single and multiple members 9% 8. Economies of scale 30% to 60% cheaper than in situ cast systems. 9% 9. Durability 50 years 10% 10. Geometric manipulation Possible 8% 11. Human factor (installation errors) Amount of success rates following proper technical training is 98.5% - 99% 6% Total 100% Functional Analysis This system is largely preferred due to its wastage reduction which results in good economic value for construction and a higher level of environmental friendliness. With this system, it is possible to incorporate other sustainable solutions so as to reduce negative environmental impact and costs even higher as, following different approaches, one can incorporate insulation techniques and hollow designs. These not only make the structure lighter while preserving structural soundness but costs are also lowered by decreasing volumes. The functional flow block diagram shows how detailed design is accomplished following the identification of system requirements and resources factored in. Figure 1: Functional Flow Block Diagram of Precast Concrete Construction Tradeoff Analysis When looking at the various approaches to this system, we can compare 2 main ones whose difference is in the percentage amount of precast elements used. The trade-off analysis below shows how the members vary and perform against each other to ultimately come up with the most recommendable type. Fully precast concrete systems: these are systems that incorporate precast elements in every member. Where in situ placed concrete is required, it is usually a small percentage of the overall concrete structure. Examples of these systems are artificial harbours and bridges. A particular example that stands out is the Mulberry Harbour constructed by the British during the Second World War to aid in rapid offloading of cargo on the beaches of Normandy. Most bridges are currently being constructed using prefabricated members with the only in situ component being the abutments which in some cases are actually precast. Precast concrete maintain a high level structural integrity with members having better compressive and tensile strengths compared to in situ members. It affords the client and contractor a rapid construction time and waste saving system. When looking at the economies of scale, larger projects incorporating this construction system are also much cheaper than their in situ concrete counterparts. This is because construction time is significantly reduced by total removal of curing and formwork assembly activities. The wastes which are proportional to the construction size, by virtue of not being present also see to the reduction of costs. These systems can however be similarly priced to traditional systems for smaller structures as, again, the economies of scale apply. Where constructions are smaller, time spent and wastes recorded are usually less leaving very little room for marginal savings. With their relatively higher production costs, they could end up being more expensive than normal concrete systems. Their seismic performance is also debatable owing to their joint connections which some researchers suggest could be weak. Partial precast concrete systems: these are usually a mix of both technologies. This is where some structural members like foundations, ground slabs and/or columns are cast in situ while the other members cast off site. These have been incorporated in high-rise structures, warehouses, bridges, harbours and residential units. While not as strong as precast structures, they also maintain a high level of structural integrity. It is also possible to engineer portal frames and space frames using this technology making its seismic resistance very good because of the joint rigidity. Owing to the limited use of precast concrete, they are also a lot cheaper than their counterparts when constructing relatively small units e.g. those with three storeys or less. These systems are however prone to wastages unlike their counterparts. While the waste is significantly reduced compared to fully in situ cast concrete structures, they are however open to some degree of wastage as the in situ cast concrete still leaves a mess. All the same, the incorporation of precast members still significantly reduces waste. While also being time friendly in comparison to fully in situ cast concrete, they cannot be compared to fully precast systems whose construction time is usually dependent the availability of skilled personnel and materials. Conclusion The trade-off analysis proves that both systems are fairly applicable with their buildability being subject to qualified personnel and materials. They both also offer reduced wastages but with varying levels which, in partial precast concrete systems, is dependent on the percentage use of precast members. Their economic value however varies with sizes of the projects as bigger projects could be more economically sound if they used precast concrete while smaller projects would be more profitable if partial precast systems were used. Recommendation In relation to the cost of construction, it is recommendable to only use precast systems where constructions projects are large and have high strength requirements while green building is paramount. They will save costs lost due to wastage by a very large margin. In smaller structures, partial precast structures would be more affordable. Percentage wastes occurring would be higher than fully precast systems but would ultimately be insignificant depending on the project size. References Anderson M. and Anderson, P., 2006. Prefab Prototypes: Site-Specific Design for Offsite Construction, Princeton Architectural Press: 1617. Bergdoll, B., and Christensen, P., 2009. Home Delivery: Fabricating the Modern Dwelling. New York: Museum of Modern Art: 224227. Blismas, N. G., 2007. Off-site Manufacture in Australia: Current State and Future Directions. Brisbane: CRC for Construction Innovation. Blismas, N. and Wakefield, R., Hauser, B., 2010. Concrete prefabricated housing via advances in systems technologies: business Development of a technology roadmap, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, [17], 99-110. Dozier, B., 2014. Technical and analysis advantages of precast concrete in (Saudi market). [Online] Available at: https://barbradozier.wordpress.com/2014/03/17/technical-and-analysis-advantages-of-precast-concrete-in-saudi-market/ Retrieved 24 Aug 2017. Dym, Clive L., and Little, Patrick, 2009. Engineering Design: A Project-Based Introduction, 3rd Ed, John Wiley Sons, New York. Haiken, M., 2015. 7 Prefab Eco-Houses You Can Order Today. Retrieved 24 Aug 2017. https://www.takepart.com/article/2015/09/14/7-prefab-eco-houses-you-can-order-today Mashable, 2012. 5 Companies on the Cutting Edge of Sustainable Prefab Housing. RetrieveTradeoff Analysisd 24 Aug 2017. https://mashable.com/2012/07/25/sustainable-prefab-housing/#fvfvrGKm3Zq3 Naum, C., 2011. Modular Home and Construction Operations. Retrieved 24 Aug 2017. https://www.commandsafety.com/2011/01/16/modular-home-construction-and-operations/ Ochia, T., 2011. Cement and Concrete Composites. July, 29(6), pp. 448-455. Smith, R. E., 2010. Prefab Architecture: A Guide to Modular Design and Construction. 1 ed. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Staib, G., Dorrhofer, A., and Rosenthal, M., 2008. Components and Systems: Modular Construction, Design, Structure, New Technologies. Birkhauser: 59. Tayabji, S. D., Ye, D. (2013). Precast concrete pavement technology management. Washington D.C.: Transportation Research Board. US Department of Transportation, 2017. Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems Cost Study: Accelerated Bridge Construction Success Stories. Retrieved 24 Aug 2017. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/prefab/successstories/091104/index.cfm Wang, Y., Wu Li, V., 2010. Concrete Reinforcement with Recycled Fibres.. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering., November. Windle, J., Chapman, T. Anderson, S., 2007. Reuse of Foundations, London: CIRIA.

Leveraging External Sources of Innovation †Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leveraging External Sources of Innovation. Answer: Introduction: Disruptive technologies depict an organization that adopts technologies that aim at creating new markets and value to customers and at the end they displace the existing market and the initial value that was existent. Disruptive technologies instigate new firms, more products, and business alliances. On the other hand, sustainable innovation can be defined as technologies that are of the essence of escalating the performance of a product(Reinhardt, R. and Gurtner, S. 2015, p. 138). There are various distinguishing factors between the disruptive and the sustaining technologies. To start with, the disruptive technologies are majorly adopted by small business, and the big business finds the technologies unattractive, yet at the end, the small businesses grow to own a significant market share. Sustaining technologies are applied by large companies that prove to be more conversant with apt technologies that progress the performance of the product that is on the market. Also, the sustaining innovations are cultivated from considering to the values and expectations of the customers in an already established market. The company provides products that are customized for the customers in future. The reliable company engaged in disruptive technology at its conception. The company was aware of the existence of other smoothies in the market but went ahead to produce their brands. Later on, the brand displaced the market, and it continued producing more products. In the beginning, it started with three brands that are; Sainsbury, Tesco and M S(Trott 2012, p. 443). Also, the company came up with products that had health benefits and directly responsive to the campaigns that were being made about the benefits of incorporating of plenty of vegetables and fruits in the everyday meals. The smoothies displaced the existing market where they came up with their prices that were higher than those in the market and had a particular target population that is the young and affluent(Trott 2012, p. 447). Sustainable technologies are illustrated in the case where the first company that was started by Henry in 1994 for smoothies. Initially, he inhabited in California and was fond of smoothies. When he came to the UK, he found that there were no smoothies yet there was the need for the product. The smoothies that were present were difficult to import. It is through this that Henry started his smoothie company(Wever, R., Schermer, R., Smit, L., and Vos, L. 2015). That is the entrepreneur was aware of the needs of the customers and wanted to satisfy them through availing the smoothies. Lastly, Innocent engaged in various innovations regarding the designs of the packages and the delivery vans of the smoothies. It was of the essence of creating value for the company despite the product being evidently expensive as compared to the other beverages and drinks in the market. The Innocent smoothies sell up to $1.99 for the on to go smoothies. Innocent utilized the sustainable technologies through insisting on production of smoothies that were made from natural fruits and with no additives. The innovation was to improve the performance of the product in the market. Smoothies that was extremely different from those that were being produced by the rival companies. It is also imperative to note that the company ensured the strategies or the technologies that it established still made the smoothies simple. It was the aim of instigating performance of the smoothies in the market. Open and Closed Innovation Process Open innovation stipulates the use of intended internal and external knowledge sources with the aim of accelerating the expansion of the existing markets and for institutional innovation. After the installation of open innovation, the organization opens up for partnership with other companies through availing of its resources. Via the open innovation, an organization can be able to sell its self-generated innovations in the case that the innovations are not viable in their businesses(Felin, T., and Zenger, T.R. 2014). Products can be developed through external resources. On the other hand, closed innovation is whereby businesses incorporated innovation into their operations through utilizing of the primarily internal sources of knowledge. The ideas that are brought forward are evaluated, and then the best and the most feasible one are chosen for development and majorly on its commercialization. The similarity between the open innovation and the closed innovation practices revolve around the fact that in both the circumstances, the business uses the internal sources in coming up with innovative ideas. The difference lays in the fact that in the closed innovation, the ideas that are generated, the inventions that are formulated and the product and market developments are mainly driven from within the business. While in the case of an open innovation, the business considers the external sources in its ideas generation and invention such as the use of technology(West, J. and Bogers, M. 2014). At the same time, the company still avails its own generated ideas towards strategic innovation of the products and processes. Open innovation is clear in the case, Henry during his innovation process, identified the fact that he was not deemed to market his products. He essentially relied on word of mouth in the marketing of his products. Through this, his company reduced its costs and thus it gained a competitive advantage. Due to the reduced costs, the company was able to expand its market in other places such as in Norway and Nottinghamshire. Innocent in the same way was able to gain knowledge from experts and their university friends on how to convey its designs into its smoothies(Johnsen, M.., Kristiansen, K., Raddum, M.A., and Repstad, P.J. 2016). The use of the two bins during a concert in helping the three entrepreneurs that began the Innocent was a compelling way in determining if the products could be accepted into the market or not. Also, Innocent utilized its internal resources in the innovation process. Since the composition of the starters of the company was young well educated, affluent and m odernized individuals, they were able to come up with ideas such as those of sticking on the simplicity of the smoothies and engaging in products that promoted a health value to the consumers. Closed innovation can be illustrated in the case by highlighting the fact that the company engaged its starters in the compilation of the ideas entirely at some point. At the conception of the company, the three entrepreneurs of Innocent brought forth ideas such as those of producing a product that could prevent the blocking of baths and the smoothies and later on they decided on settling on the smoothies(Johnson 2017). The product testing was entirely done by the entrepreneurs, and so is the implementation of the ideas. It is a clear indication that the business at some point depended on internal resources in acquiring knowledge for its innovation process. New product development is the process that encourages the creation of new products. The development process is influenced by factors such as marketing of the products, designing of the products, product management and research and development. A new product is mostly less than five years old in the market. Repositioning is where existing products are developed to be able to create new applications of the product(Holahan, P.J., Sullivan, Z.Z. and Markham, S.K. 2014). Repositioning of the products can be psychological to the customers that are the perception of the product in the minds of the customers is changed, and a new aspect of the product is placed. For instance, customers are much aware that Aspirin is a pain killer, but through advancements, the product can be repositioned as a drug that prevents perceived heart attacks. On the other hand, new product development can involve the complete emergence of a new product or an improvement of the product(Klimchuk, M.R. and Krasovec, S.A. 2013). New product development can also include expansion of markets or their diversifications. NPD involves an increase in the product line of a business while a repositioning does not necessarily extend the product line of a product, it can just be an increase in the uses of the product. In both of the cases, the markets may not be changed, but they may just strengthen. Innocent as it conception majorly targeted the young and affluent individuals. The products were majorly customized to serve this specific group. The company has brought about a smoothie that is apt for the children. The smoothie is sold at 99p. It is thus ideal to note that the business has come up with another class of consumers that can purchase the modified products in the market in the bid to expand its markets. Innocent was also has engaged NPD through coming up with a new product identified as Juicy water in 2003. The product development strategy that was also utilized by Innocent is to diversify its products. Initially, the products were only of 3 brands; the company has developed its brand to incorporate other seventeen brands to increase its product line. The seventeen products have created new markets for the smoothies. The company also aims at expanding its markets beyond Europe(Purvis, L., Spall, S., Naim, M. and Spiegler, V. 2016). Through continuous advertisements in the market and with the aid of expert knowledge, Innocent has been able to develop its products. For instance, through the use of the advertisements, consumer insights are instigated, and the company can determine the acceptance of the product. It can then identify the gaps that are available and fill them through the development of new products. Through the advertisements, the company can create new identities for the developed products thus new markets. Repositioning of the products of Innocent was through the establishing the fact that the smoothies were natural and pure and with health benefits. This was a new face for the smoothies. Initially, smoothies were characterized as those that were concentrated, with preservatives and with water. It was a repositioning of the product when the customers were acknowledged of another reason to purchase the smoothies(van Rensburg 2015). The other instance in the case of the position was to create the impression that the smoothie was the most suitable for the sandwich eaters. The buyers thus found another reason to purchase the smoothie. Organizational Knowledge management Knowledge management can just be defined as a process of coming up with knowledge, passing it on to others, utilizing it to allow its management of information possessed by an organization. The information in this context is viewed as an asset to the organization (Birasnav 2014). And it can be substituted by the same in the definition of KM. KM integrates the strategies and the goals of the organization in its management. Some sources can be utilized to access knowledge. The sources are not limited to individuals who are the main source of tactical knowledge. Tactical knowledge refers to knowledge that is gained naturally, and it is not easy to pass the knowledge to someone else. The other source is the fundamental knowledge that is propagated in the culture and the inbuilt processes of an organization. Then there is the organizational knowledge, which consists of knowledge that is created by groups through team work(Hislop 2013). Lastly, there is the community knowledge, where this is the knowledge that is shared by communities that have the same language or say practices and can pass amongst themselves shared values and skills. Knowledge management is essential for business for it allows it to discover opportunities and how to seize them to their benefit. The technological trajectory and knowledge base that are explored determine if an organization is in a position to utilize the opportunities. Technological trajectory refers to defined paths that innovation can utilize. Technological trajectories can be determined by the scientific improvements, economic dynamics and organization variables that are present. Lastly, a firm needs to have an absorptive capacity which is the ability of a business to access and use new knowledge(Holsapple, C. ed. 2013). Innocent needs to engage in organizational knowledge management to successfully operate in the fruit smoothie market. To start with, Innocent needs to engage external linkages and build network relationships to promote KM. It is evident that the external linkages will provide the business with professional advice on how to make the business more innovative say in the case of how to market their products, through which media and at what costs(Totterdill 2015). Also, they can aid in the process of new product development where they can help in the determination of the viability of the products and the best way to carry out the development to create new value and new markets for new products. In doing so, the business will be more competitive through the competitive advantage that the company will acquire from KM. The other strategy would be for Innocent to gather competencies that will equip the company with skills, processes and knowledge bases that cannot be replicated by another business. The innocent should be able to update its competencies from time to time to discourage other companies from replicating its skills(Oliveira, A. and Gimeno, A. 2014). Innocent has tried to implement this through its acquiring expertise skills to manage its processes. Also, the company n engaging in products that are purely natural with no added preservatives has made it difficult for some companies in the industry to duplicate its processes. Organization learning is another factor; a learning organization is that which can learn from its past experiences and the outcomes of the experiences to be able to plan for the future strategically. Through learning from the past, one can come up with viable ideas that will be able to stir innovation in the future to curb the past problems. For instance, Innocent is facing challenges of stiff competition from other market players that are more established than it. Companies such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi have unique competencies that deprive Innocent of a larger market share. KM through learning will aid in innovation that will make the company more successful in the fruit smoothie business. In organizational learning, teams can learn from their successes and failures(Nguyen, B., Wu, M.S.S. and Chen, C.H.S. 2017), the challenges of pricing that the company faces should be corrected through organizational learning. This will ensure that the company comes up with better production method s that are cost effective that will make the smoothies to be well priced in the market. However, the learning process should be consisting of every member of the organization. This is of the essence because it facilitates sharing of the same ideas and beliefs. There is a limited chance for change to be refuted. Limited rigidity by some of the employees to change accelerates innovation, and this should be the case at Innocent. The innocent should stimulate a culture that allows free flow of information. Through the sharing of ideas in the company, the company is in a position to instill new ideas, corporate values and grow leaders. Through the incorporation of such cultures, the organization will be ready for a change and will thus be in a position to carry out innovation. Through the impacting of the business with new corporate values, Innocent owners will be rejuvenated to engage in innovation to realize the new corporate values(Siemens, G. 2014). For instance, if Innocent establishes a corporate value that stipulates that a customer is at the center of the organization, then it is ideal that the company will make sure that it engages new technology in the devising of Customer relationship management. Customer relationship, management indicates that the customer is considered in every aspect of the business decisions and proper strategies are in place to facilitate a close relationship between the busine ss and the customers. The smooth flow of data can incorporate technologies such as the use of intranets and extranets in the organization. Nonetheless, the company has to engage data that is filtered to be able to make more informed decisions. Innocent has to put in place measures that will essentially reduce the processing of large loads of data at a time. To be in a position to make significant decisions then there should be forums that will allow the sharing of information that is filtered and supports best practice(Kianto, A., Ritala, P., Spender, J.C. and Vanhala, M. 2014). Informed decisions accelerate the ability of a company to engage in innovation because it will be in a position to implement only ideas that are viable for the business and thus the creation of efficiency. Moreover, the company could prompt quick idea generation that avoids duplication of the previous failures as a way of knowledge management. It is significant for the new product development teams to utilize organization learning in the generation of ideas. In the context of Innocent, it can engage idea generation that will instigate efficiency such as cutting down the time to market the smoothies. Time efficiency is a determinant of a company that is innovative or not. Through KM, knowledge can be captured and thus instances of forgetfulness are mitigated. Furthermore, it is ideal for a business to implement methods that will allow safeguarding of data that belongs to the organization. It is imperative to share ideas or to be transparent. But there are processes or ideas of a company that is private and the leaking of information can be destructive to the much-toiled efforts of a company. When the rival firms access the confidential information of the company, they can use the information in destroying the victim company completely. Systems should be in place that will inculcate a culture of securing access to data. Data should only be accessed by authorized individuals. The strategies that should be included are; physical controls and the access controls. The innocent should put in place these measures to ensure that its data access is restricted and thus its competencies are not at stake in any dimension. Use CIM to Illustrate Innocents Innovation process The CIM integrates forces that impact each other in a cyclic form. These forces include; scientific research, product development, market transitions and technological developments. The model is the idea that innovation is flexible that is it can be carried out at any place at any time and creates value. Innocent utilized the CIM in their innovation process. To begin with, a cyclical interaction first takes place where the technological research is at the center. In the case of Innocent, technological adoption, took place in the sciences cycle in aid of life sciences. The change that occurred with technology was as a result of the company engaging different experts to help them in the innovations(Schenkl, S.A., Behncke, F.G., Hepperle, C., Langer, S. and Lindemann, U. 2013). For instance, the company consulted experts in the designing of their new products and also in the advertising of their products. The experts included Turner Duckworth who helped in the design of the first shape of the product. Also, the company engaged an agency in carrying out an advertising campaign in Ireland. Also, the three entrepreneurs that started Innocent were learned individuals, one who was skilled in management, and thus this helped in the stirring of technological changes through the art of science. The next cycle is the combined cycle; in this case, product development is carried out through various strategies such as changing the design of the products package(Yates, D. and Price, J. 2015). In the case of Innocent, the company had to maintain and come up with simple designs that were catchy and fun. The entrepreneurs had to design the package in such a way that the consumers could find it more convenient to handle. That is as smoothies were produced essentially to be accompanied with a sandwich, it was ideal to have a package that made it easier to use while taking a sandwich. Also, technologies were to be applied to the packaging of the product so that the shelf life of the product could be prolonged. Lastly, the logo of the product was too well designed on the products that could identify the product from the other products on the shelves. There is an indication that the technologies in the science cycle are instigated by new scientific ideas that can be identified as science push. Another factor to note is that technology was driven by the functions of the products like in the case of prolonging the life of the product. It is thus evident that technological dynamics are as a result of emerging insights in science and the requirements for new products. Double dynamics are also present around the market transitions. In these double dynamics, there are two cycles are closely linked. The context in this scenario involves a market change contrary to the previous double dynamics that incorporated technological dynamics at the center of the cycle. In this case, the demand in the market takes the central role. The changes in the demand in the market are seen in the science cycle. With the insights from the behavioral and social aspects, social and technical remedies can be encompassed promptly and still maintain economic efficiency. In the case of innocent, the company was able to identify the changes in the attitude of the customers towards products that were believed to cause obesity. Also, it was keen on the campaigns that sensitized individuals on the significance of incorporating fruits and vegetables into the diet(Trott 2012, p. 445). The societal needs thus drove the entrepreneurs into availing products that were made primarily from natural fruit and with no added preservatives into the market. Smoothies that was not only tasty by those that were healthy and still affordable to their target population. It is also imperative to identify that the smoothies that were introduced by Innocent were as a result of recognizing that the customers lacked a smoothie that was natural and that which could suit the lifestyle of the individuals that were slightly of a high class, young and with female characters. This made the company be encouraged to come up with the product. In the other cycle that consists of the services cycle. Innocent utilized the democratizing innovation where it contacted most of their perceived customers through email to be able to identify if the p roduct design was viable and they depended on their comments to make decisions on the smoothie packages(Petit 2017). Bibliography Birasnav, M 2014, 'Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership', Journal of Business Research, vol 67, no. 8, pp. 1622-1629. 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